diode is a result of the physics of the semiconductor material that makes up the chip. The chip’s ground pin also connects to the substrate. Schottky diodes D1 and D2 prevent damaging substrate currents from flowing when one of the drivers is on and the other is off. For example, if driver Y’s ground potential is 5 V less than driver Z’s, if D1 and D2 are replaced by direct connections, current could flow in a loop through D4, Q1, and back to D4. Series resistors in the ground wire would limit the current, but driver Y’s output voltage would clamp at -0.7V due to the voltage drop across D4. Diode D2 136 Designing RS-485 Links and Networks OUTPUT ON DRIVER Y У V SUBSTRATE GROUND Y Y D2 BLOCKS SUBSTRATE CURRENT — 55-ground Y < GROUND Z OUTPUT OFF DRIVER Z 1 > SZD2 A Q2 D4 У GROUND SUBSTRATE Z Z Figure 7-13: Schottky diodes in RS-485 drivers block large substrate currents between an active driver and disabled drivers. blocks this substrate current and allows the active driver to co-exist with disabled drivers. The protection is guaranteed only when the common-mode voltages are within the chip’s specified limits. RS-422 interface chips don’t have the protection diodes. For this reason, RS-422 allows only one driver per line. Adding a Ground Wire One way to ensure that a ground path exists between nodes is to include a ground wire in the cable Figure 7-14 . TIA-485-A recommends connecting a 1/2-Watt, 100Q resistor in series between each node’s signal ground and the ground wire. The resistors protect the components by limiting current in the ground wire if the ground voltages vary. Isolated Lines RS-485 cables can be much longer than RS-232 cables. Over long distances, the nodes’ grounds may vary by many volts. Chapter 5 introduced galvanic isolation as a way of making a circuit immune to ground noise in other circuits. As with RS-232, if the nodes along an RS-485 line have a common earth ground and a ground wire, ground currents from all sources will choose the 137 Cha prom-electric.ru

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